CONTENT: this report reviews
the progress made by Turkey in 2007 in preparation for accession. In
particular, it details the efforts made by Turkey to comply with the
Copenhagen criteria and supports the overall strategy document on the
enlargement of the European Union (see COM(2007)0663)
which indicates the way in which the renewed consensus, endorsed by EU
representatives during the December 2006 Summit, will be implemented. The
renewed consensus on enlargement is based on the principles of consolidation
of commitments, fair and rigorous conditionality and better communication
with the public, combined with the EU's capacity to integrate new members.
The current enlargement programme concerns the Western Balkans and Turkey.
Specifically in terms of Turkey, the report notes that following the legislative and presidential elections, it is imperative
that Turkey continues to make reforms in order to consolidate fundamental
rights and freedoms. Since the December 1999 European Council granted
candidate status to Turkey, the country has achieved major changes. The
European perspective proved one of the main incentives for reforms of the
political and legal system, as well as the economy in Turkey. The death penalty was abolished, the functions and composition of the National Security
Council were changed to increase civilian control over the military, and a
series of constitutional amendments enhanced democratic freedoms. Progress
was made in areas such as women's and children's rights, and the fight
against torture, with a further overall decline of reported cases of torture and
ill-treatment. At the same time, in 2007, Turkey overcame a political crisis
by fully respecting the rules of democracy. It must now relaunch politic
reforms, particularly those regarding fundamental freedoms, while respecting
its international commitments.
The Commission expects progress
to be made in the accession negotiations with Turkey throughout 2008.
Progress in the accession
negotiations with Turkey: EU accession negotiations began with Turkey on 3 October 2005 and remain on track. Negotiations are continuing at a pace that
reflects the pace of reforms in the country itself as well as Turkey's fulfilment of the relevant conditions. Four out of 33 negotiation chapters have
been opened so far (statistics, enterprise and industrial policy, financial
control) and one chapter has been provisionally closed (Science and Research).
Opening benchmarks have been set as conditions for opening negotiations on 14
chapters (benchmarks are a new tool introduced as a result of lessons learnt
from the fifth enlargement. Their purpose is to further improve the quality
of the negotiations, by providing incentives for the candidate countries to
undertake necessary reforms at an early stage. In general, opening benchmarks
concern key preparatory steps for future alignment with the EU's legal order,
such as strategies or action plans. In this case, benchmarks were adopted by
the Council as conditions for opening negotiations with Turkey on the following chapters: Free movement of capital, Public procurement; Intellectual
property rights, Competition policy; Agriculture, Taxation, Employment and
Social policy, Customs union, Company law, Free movement of services, Food
safety, Free movement of goods; Environment, Financial services). The
Commission hopes that Turkey will be able to meet further benchmarks shortly,
so that additional chapters can be opened.
On the whole, the 3 main
criteria fixed at Copenhagen to allow a country to accede to the European
Union have evolved in Turkey during 2007 as follows:
- Political criteria: Turkey continues to sufficiently fulfil the Copenhagen political criteria. Turkey has smoothly overcome its political and institutional crisis. Early parliamentary elections
were held in full respect of democratic standards and of the rule of
law. The election of the President by Parliament in August 2007 took
place in accordance with the Constitution and a new government was
established swiftly. Democracy prevailed in a crisis in civil-military
relations. There has been some progress in legislative reform of the
public administration, and some progress has been made in improving the
efficiency of the judiciary. Additional action has been taken to improve
women's rights. The reported number of cases of torture and ill
treatment continued to decrease. Turkey has made progress on the ratification
of international human rights instruments and in implementing the
European Court of Human Rights judgements. However, there was limited
progress on political reforms in 2007. Significant further efforts are
needed on freedom of expression and on the rights of non-Muslim
religious communities. Further progress is also needed in the fight
against corruption, the reform of the judicial system, as well as
children's and women's rights, cultural rights, and civilian oversight
of the security forces. It is now important that the new government
takes immediate action in these priority areas.Freedom of
expression and freedom of religion are the most urgent issues, on which
the government must take action without delay. There has been a further
increase in terrorist attacks by the PKK, which is on the EU list of
terrorist organisations. It is crucial that Turkey and Iraq continue to tackle this problem through cooperation between the relevant authorities and by
respecting international law. There remains a need for Turkey to address the serious economic and social problems of the South East. Finally, the report
expressed its regret that Turkey maintained its restrictions on direct
transport links with Cyprus.
- Economic criteria: Turkey can be considered as a functioning market economy. It should be able to cope with
competitive pressures and market forces within the Union in the medium
term, provided that it implements its comprehensive reform programme in
order to address structural weaknesses. Economic growth remained robust
due to increased exports and business confidence was strong. The
strength of the lira and fiscal discipline enabled a reduction in public
debt. The central bank led a cautious and responsible monetary policy.
Foreign direct investment grew significantly, notably in the form of
purchases of Turkish companies by foreign entities, and has played a
greater role in reducing risks related to macroeconomic imbalances.
However, a tax relief and higher infrastructure spending led to a fiscal
loosening in 2007. Inflationary pressures have increased. Structural
rigidities in the labour market and fiscal pressure on labour hamper job
creation in the formal sector of the economy, in particular for the
employment of women.
- EU legal order: Turkey has further improved its ability to take on the obligations of membership. Owing to Turkey's non-compliance with its obligations related to the additional protocol to the
Ankara Agreement, in December 2006, the EU decided to freeze eight
chapters of the negotiations, but to continue with the other chapters.
Progress was made in most areas, in particular in the chapters on free
movement of goods, financial services, trans-European Networks, and
science and research. However, alignment needs to be pursued, especially
in areas such as free movement of services, state aid, agriculture,
fisheries, food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policies, and the
environment. The fulfilment of short-term priorities under the Accession
Partnership is lagging behind in many areas.
EU Financial Assistance
under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA): Turkey should benefit from the following amounts during the 2007-2011 period, in accordance
with the envelope planned by the IAP:
- 2007 :
EUR 497.2 million
- 2008 :
EUR 538.7 million
- 2009 :
EUR 566.4 million
- 2010 :
EUR 653.7 million
- 2011 :
EUR 781.9 million
Total :
EUR 3037.9 million