The European Parliament adopted by 483 votes to 73, with 133 abstentions, a resolution on the 2019-2020 Commission Reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Parliament is a strong supporter of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BIH) European integration. The EU is BiH’s biggest trading partner and by far the most significant provider of financial assistance, which makes a profound difference in the country.
BiH’s commitment to enlargement
While welcoming Bosnia and Herzegovina’s commitment to advancing on its EU path, Parliament called for further work on the reconciliation process including the adoption of a law banning the denial of genocide, the Holocaust, crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Parliament welcomed the efforts by local and international organisations, including the International Commission on Missing Persons, to account for over 30 000 persons who went missing during the 1990s conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and more than 8 000 Srebrenica genocide victims. It called for the adoption of a law banning the denial of genocide, the Holocaust, crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Work on this reconciliation process must focus on the country’s youth and start at an early age, embedding reconciliation into the education process. The resolution stressed the need to urgently put an end to the segregation in education and to remedy unequal access to remote schooling, resulting in many children being deprived of their right to education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Functioning of democratic institutions
Members urged all BiH authorities, institutions, office holders and political leaders to significantly accelerate work and cooperation in order to fully comply with the 14 key priorities in the Commission’s opinion on BiH’s EU membership application. They underlined the need to considerably strengthen cooperation and data exchange between state, entity and cantonal jurisdictions across all policy areas.
The resolution underlined the effective establishment, independent functioning and accountability of democratic institutions are essential feature of a viable democracy and a prerequisite for moving forward with the EU integration process, including obtaining candidate status.
Rule of law
Parliament regretted the lack of progress on judicial reforms and reiterated the urgent need to improve the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary to ensure its independence from undue influence as well as to resolve the mounting backlog of cases pending trial. It stressed that these reforms are essential for the country to obtain candidate status and that they depend solely on the necessary political will.
The resolution stressed the need to enable a unified interpretation of the law across the country. It urged BiH to establish a legal body ensuring consistent and harmonised interpretation of the law.
Moreover, Members called for immediate steps to tackle widespread corruption and impunity in the public sphere to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions.
Fundamental rights, socio-economic reforms
The resolution expressed concern over the fundamental rights situation and called for more effective and comprehensive country-wide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies. It also stressed the need to improve measures targeting gender-based and domestic violence, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
BiH is called on to:
- step up socio-economic and active labour market measures, including vocational education and training. The authorities should strengthen measures to guarantee social cohesion, poverty and inequality reduction;
- prioritise measures aimed at boosting economic diversification, digitalisation and tackling the informal economy, while developing effective and transparent mechanisms for energy market, transport infrastructure, sustainable tourism and support for SMEs;
- adopt a country-wide strategy on public finance management and for increased budget transparency in BiH, enabling EU-funded budget support.
Moreover, Parliament urged BiH to step up its efforts against cross-border crime, especially human, firearms and drug trafficking by enhancing strategic cooperation with neighbouring countries and relevant EU agencies (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex).
Foreign policy and security
Parliament called for the strengthening of good neighbourly relations and increased efforts to resolve all outstanding bilateral issues, such as border demarcation with Croatia and Serbia and normalisation of relations with Kosovo. It is strongly urged that BiH align itself with all Council decisions introducing restrictive EU measures.